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X line 3412/23/2023 Additional field names and permissible values may be defined by each application. The Field Names, Header Fields and Repository of Provisional Registrations are maintained by the IANA. The request or response line from HTTP/1 has also been replaced by several pseudo-header fields, each beginning with a colon ( :).Ī core set of fields is standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in RFC 91. HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 instead use a binary protocol, where headers are encoded in a single HEADERS and zero or more CONTINUATION frames using HPACK (HTTP/2) or QPACK (HTTP/3), which both provide efficient header compression. In the past, long lines could be folded into multiple lines continuation lines are indicated by the presence of a space (SP) or horizontal tab (HT) as the first character on the next line. The end of the header section is indicated by an empty field line, resulting in the transmission of two consecutive CR-LF pairs. Header fields are colon-separated key-value pairs in clear-text string format, terminated by a carriage return (CR) and line feed (LF) character sequence. In HTTP version 1.x, header fields are transmitted after the request line (in case of a request HTTP message) or the response line (in case of a response HTTP message), which is the first line of a message. They define how information sent/received through the connection are encoded (as in Content-Encoding), the session verification and identification of the client (as in browser cookies, IP address, user-agent) or their anonymity thereof (VPN or proxy masking, user-agent spoofing), how the server should handle data (as in Do-Not-Track), the age (the time it has resided in a shared cache) of the document being downloaded, amongst others. These headers are usually invisible to the end-user and are only processed or logged by the server and client applications. HTTP header fields are a list of strings sent and received by both the client program and server on every HTTP request and response.
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